Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effects of Xie Li Tang on ulcerative colitis (UC) by evaluating its anti-inflammatory properties in a murine model. Methods: Forty-eight BALB/c male mice were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, a salazosulfapyridine group, and low, medium, and high doses of traditional Chinese medicine groups, with 8 mice in each group. Except for the normal group, each group was given 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) ad libitum for 7 days to prepare the UC mouse model. During the modeling period, 5,10,20 g/(kg-d) of Xie Li Tang was given to the low, medium and high dose TCM group by gavage, 0.45 g/(kg-d) of Liuzosulfapyridine solution was given to the Liuzosulfapyridine group by gavage, and equal volumes of saline were given to the blank group and the model group by gavage. During this period, the general conditions of mice such as body weight, fecal characteristics, blood in stool and Disease Activity Index (DAI) score were recorded, the length of mouse colon was measured, and HE staining was performed to observe the pathological condition of colon, and biochemical kits were used to detect the content of nitric oxide (NO) in colon tissues, and the content of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the medullary peroxidase (MPO) and peroxidase (MPO) were detected by ELISA method. peroxidase (MPO) content, Western Blot for colon nuclear factor κB p65 (NF-κBp65), phosphorylated nuclear factor κB p65 (p-NF-κBp65), nuclear factor κB inhibitory factor α (IκBα), and phosphorylated nuclear factor κB inhibitory factor α (p-IκBα) expression levels, and IHC for colon NLRP3 expression. IF detected colonic p-p65, p-IκBα expression levels. Results: Compared with the blank group, mice in the model group had decreased body weight, increased DAI score (P < 0.001), and shortened colon length (P < 0.001); the pathological damage to the colonic mucosa was severe, and the content of NO and MPO in the colonic tissues were significantly increased (P < 0.001, P < 0.001), the serum in the content of MDA (P < 0.001), and GSH, SOD content were significantly decreased (P < 0.001, P < 0.001).NLRP3, p-p65, p-IκBα protein expression were elevated (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, P <0.01).Compared with the model group, body weight of the drug-treated groups was elevated, DAI scores were decreased to varying degrees, and the length of the colon became longer (P < 0.001); colonic pathological damage of mucosa improved, NO and MPO content in colon tissue decreased significantly (P < 0.001, P < 0.01), serum MDA content decreased to different degrees, and GSH and SOD content increased significantly (P < 0.01, P < 0.01) NLRP3, p-p65, and p-IκBα protein expression were all decreased to different degrees.