As a vital component of traditional Chinese medicine, five flavors theory plays an important role in guiding treatment and health care of clinical diseases. Kidney is the innate foundation and the five flavors theory is strongly associated with kidney diseases. In this paper, through conducting an in-depth analysis on the relevant ancient books and references and connecting five flavors theory with medicine, food, four seasons, the rise and fall of viscera, and so on, the application of five flavor theory in kidney disease prescription and health care is preliminarily discussed.